Over the past decade, the concepts of Education for Sustainable Development (ESD) and human security have emerged in international development and developmental studies. This paper aims to study the two concepts comparatively. Both concepts cover a lot of common ground, including the idea of sustainable development that is now increasingly seen as an important agenda. However, they are still new and often abstract. Many times, they bring about confusion and difficulties in implementation. Although an exploration of the conceptual interdependence of ESD and human security has a great potential, such research has rarely been undertaken. This comparative study might suggest the interrelation between ESD and human security as well as some choices and challenges in order to achieve the concepts both as destinations and means of a more sustainable future.