Quantum Mutual Authentication Scheme Based on Bell State Measurement

Abstract

Authentication is one of the security services that ensure sufficient security of the system by identification and verification. Also, it assures the identity of the communicating party to be that the claimed one. To build a quantum channel between two unauthenticated to each other users, a trusted authority is needed to create a mutual authentication with each party before they communicate. Using Bell measurement and entanglement swapping, we present a protocol that mutually authenticates the identity of the sender and the receiver then, constructs a quantum channel based on Bell basis. The sender and the receiver use the quantum channel to communicate using entanglement-assisted quantum communication protocols. Additionally, the protocol renews the shared secret key between the trusted authority and each user after authentication process. The protocol provides the necessary authentication and key distribution to create a quantum channel between the sender and receiver.