The Benefits of Dietary Energy Restriction on the Aging Process

Abstract

Objective – The purpose of this study was to evaluate the benefits of dietary energy restriction in the aging process. This study looks at the research showing the physiology and theories of aging, hormesis, intermittent fasting, calorie restriction, and specific measures in cellular health and physiological aging. The information was compiled to gain an understanding of the impact of dietary energy restriction on the aging process and to evaluate if dietary energy restriction promotes healthy aging and delays frailty. Basic Procedures – The databases used for searching included PubMed, Science Direct, and Eureka /One Search through University of Bridgeport. Research focused on papers showing the aging process, hormesis, intermittent fasting, calorie restriction, and specific mechanisms of monitoring blood sugar, cell turnover, and weight management in the aging process. The majority of papers chosen were published within the last 15 years, with one study on intermittent fasting from 1945. Main Findings – Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting regimens correlate with increased longevity and with decreased risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes mellitus, and cancer. Fasting has also been linked to postponing Alzheimer's, Dementia, and loss of cognitive function. Some research suggests fasting promotes new neuronal growth. There are several areas of thought with different ways to practice calorie restriction and intermittent fasting. Biomarkers such as IGF-1, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, TG, fasting blood sugar, along with BMI, weight, height, and waist measurements were used to assess disease risk factors, assess overall health, and compare studies. Other biomarkers or pathways were also assessed in the process of evaluating the effectiveness of fasting and calorie restriction. Principal Conclusions - Calorie Restriction and Intermittent Fasting regimens show reduction in blood biomarkers along with changes in body composition that support healthier aging. The different forms of calorie restriction and intermittent fasting together have strong evidence to support a lifestyle change that incorporates food restriction one way or another. Both groups showed decreased risk factors for cardiovascular disease, diabetes, and cancer. Groups that should not attempt CR or IF include pregnancy, eating disorders, and people with very low body weight and fat content.